Endocrinology

What is Endocrinology?

Endocrinology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the endocrine system, the glands that produce hormones.

An endocrinologist treats conditions related to the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, pancreas, reproductive hormones, and metabolism.

When should you consult an endocrinologist?

A consultation is recommended in cases of:

• Thyroid disorders, Hashimoto’s disease, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules
• Diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2, insulin resistance, prediabetes
• Hormonal imbalances, menstrual disorders, infertility, menopause
• Overweight, obesity, or metabolic syndrome
• Suspected pituitary or adrenal disorders
• Osteoporosis and calcium-phosphate metabolism disorders

How to prepare for an endocrinology appointment?

To ensure the most accurate assessment:

1. Bring past test results, hormonal panels, thyroid ultrasound, blood tests, medical records
2. Prepare a list of medications and supplements you are taking
3. Note your symptoms, onset, progression, and whether related to diet, stress, or menstrual cycle
4. If you have diabetes, bring your blood sugar log
5. Follow specific preparation instructions, some hormonal tests require fasting or timing within certain cycle days

What happens during the appointment?

The visit begins with a detailed discussion and medical history (anamnesis), symptoms, family history, lifestyle. A physical examination may include:

• Measurement of weight, height, and calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)
• Measurement of blood pressure and pulse
• Palpation of the thyroid gland
• Assessment for edema, changes in skin and hair

If needed, the endocrinologist may order additional diagnostic tests such as:

• Laboratory tests: TSH, FT4, HbA1c, insulin, calcium, etc.
• Thyroid ultrasound
• Bone density testing

A personalized treatment and follow-up plan is then created.